ISA 401: Business Intelligence & Data Visualization

class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide

.title[
# ISA 401: Business Intelligence & Data Visualization
]
.subtitle[
## 18: Charts Used for Time-Series Data
]
.author[
### <br>Fadel M. Megahed, PhD <br><br>Professor of Information Systems and Business Analytics <br> Farmer School of Business<br> Miami University<br><br> <a href="https://twitter.com/FadelMegahed"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z" /></svg> <span class="citation">@FadelMegahed</span></a> <br> <a href="https://github.com/fmegahed/"><svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z" /></svg> fmegahed</a> <br> <a href="mailto:fmegahed@miamioh.edu"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z" /></svg> fmegahed@miamioh.edu</a><br> <a href="https://calendly.com/fmegahed"><svg viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M202.021 0C122.202 0 70.503 32.703 29.914 91.026c-7.363 10.58-5.093 25.086 5.178 32.874l43.138 32.709c10.373 7.865 25.132 6.026 33.253-4.148 25.049-31.381 43.63-49.449 82.757-49.449 30.764 0 68.816 19.799 68.816 49.631 0 22.552-18.617 34.134-48.993 51.164-35.423 19.86-82.299 44.576-82.299 106.405V320c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h72.471c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24v-5.773c0-42.86 125.268-44.645 125.268-160.627C377.504 66.256 286.902 0 202.021 0zM192 373.459c-38.196 0-69.271 31.075-69.271 69.271 0 38.195 31.075 69.27 69.271 69.27s69.271-31.075 69.271-69.271-31.075-69.27-69.271-69.27z" /></svg> Automated Scheduler for Office Hours</a><br><br>
]
.date[
### Fall 2024
]

---

# Non-graded: COVID19 Data Viz

Over the next 8 minutes, use Tableau to answer the following questions based on the `covid_cases_county.csv` (which can be downloaded from Canvas):

1. **What are the total number of cases per county?**  Use a suitable map to answer this question.   
2. **What are the total number of deaths per state?** You can show that using either a table or a map. In case of a map, please show the numbers for each state on the map as well.

---

# Learning Objectives for Today's Class

- Understand main goals behind visualizing time-series data

- Explain the different types of charts for univariate and multivariate time-series

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# Types of Data Over Time

---

# Cross Sectional Data

**Cross Sectional Data:** Measurements on multiple units, recorded in a single time period.

**Example 1:** H1B 2020-2024 Data for Senior Data Scientists at Netflix

<div class="datatables html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-dac80fa2f15a02eabb99" style="width:100%;height:auto;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-dac80fa2f15a02eabb99">{"x":{"filter":"none","vertical":false,"data":[["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24"],["2021-08-11","2021-06-14","2021-06-14","2021-09-09","2021-06-14","2021-10-18","2022-07-20","2022-01-03","2021-10-02","2022-11-28","2022-01-24","2021-10-18","2022-07-27","2021-07-31","2020-11-29","2020-10-01","2020-05-19","2020-10-02","2020-01-27","2020-01-27","2021-03-04","2020-04-20","2020-10-26","2020-12-10"],["SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST","SENIOR DATA SCIENTIST"],["118,955","143,291","143,291","143,291","143,291","143,562","143,562","143,562","149,261","168,834","168,834","184,850","197,933","198,203","360,000","375,000","400,000","410,000","420,000","420,000","430,000","450,000","455,000","600,000"],["LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA","LOS GATOS, CA"]],"container":"<table class=\"display\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th> <\/th>\n      <th>START DATE<\/th>\n      <th>JOB TITLE<\/th>\n      <th>BASE SALARY<\/th>\n      <th>LOCATION<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n<\/table>","options":{"pageLength":5,"dom":"tip","columnDefs":[{"orderable":false,"targets":0},{"name":" ","targets":0},{"name":"START DATE","targets":1},{"name":"JOB TITLE","targets":2},{"name":"BASE SALARY","targets":3},{"name":"LOCATION","targets":4}],"order":[],"autoWidth":false,"orderClasses":false,"lengthMenu":[5,10,25,50,100]},"selection":{"mode":"multiple","selected":null,"target":"row","selectable":null}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

.footnote[
<html>
<hr>
</html>

Data scraped from <https://h1bdata.info/index.php?em=Netflix+Inc&job=Senior+Data+Scientist&city=LOS+GATOS&year=All+Years> on October 30, 2024 using the [rvest](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rvest/rvest.pdf) <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:gold;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M50.7 58.5L0 160H208V32H93.7C75.5 32 58.9 42.3 50.7 58.5zM240 160H448L397.3 58.5C389.1 42.3 372.5 32 354.3 32H240V160zm208 32H0V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V192z"/></svg>. The printing was limited to those individuals who started on/after January 01, 2020, with the filters specified in the URL.
]

---
count:: false
# Cross Sectional Data

**Cross Sectional Data:** Measurements on multiple units, recorded in a single time period.

**Example 2:** NBA 2023-2024 Leaders - Top Players in PTS/Game

<div class="datatables html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-78e137a55cf46cfece1d" style="width:100%;height:auto;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-78e137a55cf46cfece1d">{"x":{"filter":"none","vertical":false,"extensions":["FixedColumns"],"data":[["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","30","31","32","33","34","35","36","37","38","39","40","41","42","43","44","45","46","47","48","49","50","51","52","53","54","55","56","57","58","59","60","61","62","63","64","65","66","67","68","69","70","71","72","73","74","75","76","77","78","79","80","81","82","83","84","85","86","87","88","89","90","91","92","93","94","95","96","97","98","99","100","101","102","103","104","105","106","107","108","109","110","111","112","113","114","115","116","117","118","119","120","121","122","123","124","125","126","127","128","129","130","131","132","133","134","135","136","137","138","139","140","141","142","143","144","145","146","147","148","149","150","151","152","153","154","155","156","157","158","159","160","161","162","163","164","165","166","167","168","169","170","171","172","173","174","175","176","177","178","179","180","181","182","183","184","185","186","187","188","189","190","191","192","193","194","195","196","197","198","199","200","201","202","203","204","205","206","207","208","209","210","211","212","213","214","215","216","217","218","219","220","221","222","223","224","225","226","227","228","229","230","231","232","233","234","235","236","237","238","239","240","241","242","243","244","245","246","247","248","249","250","251","252","253","254","255","256","257","258","259","260","261","262","263","264","265","266","267","268","269","270","271","272","273","274","275","276","277","278","279","280","281","282","283","284","285","286","287","288","289","290","291","292","293","294","295","296","297","298","299","300","301","302","303","304","305","306","307","308","309","310","311","312","313","314","315","316","317","318","319","320","321","322","323","324","325","326","327","328","329","330","331","332","333","334","335","336","337","338","339","340","341","342","343","344","345","346","347","348","349","350","351","352","353","354","355","356","357","358","359","360","361","362","363","364","365","366","367","368","369","370","371","372","373","374","375","376","377","378","379","380","381","382","383","384","385","386","387","388","389","390","391","392","393","394","395","396","397","398","399","400","401","402","403","404","405","406","407","408","409","410","411","412","413","414","415","416","417","418","419","420","421","422","423","424","425","426","427","428","429","430","431","432","433","434","435","436","437","438","439","440","441","442","443","444","445","446","447","448","449","450","451","452","453","454","455","456","457","458","459","460","461","462","463","464","465","466","467","468","469","470","471","472","473","474","475","476","477","478","479","480","481","482","483","484","485","486","487","488","489","490","491","492","493","494","495","496","497","498","499","500","501","502","503","504","505","506","507","508","509","510","511","512","513","514","515","516","517","518","519","520","521","522","523","524","525","526","527","528","529","530","531","532","533","534","535","536","537","538","539","540","541","542","543","544","545","546","547","548","549","550","551","552","553","554","555","556","557","558","559","560","561","562","563","564","565","566","567","568","569","570","571","572","573","574","575","576","577","578","579","580","581","582","583","584","585","586","587","588","589","590","591","592","593","594","595","596","597","598","599","600","601","602","603","604","605","606","607","608","609","610","611","612","613","614","615","616","617","618","619","620","621","622","623","624","625","626","627","628","629","630","631","632","633","634","635","636","637","638","639","640","641","642","643","644","645","646","647","648","649","650","651","652","653","654","655","656","657","658","659","660","661","662","663","664","665","666","667","668","669","670","671","672","673","674","675","676","677","678","679","680","681","682","683","684","685","686","687","688","689","690","691","692","693","694","695","696","697","698","699","700","701","702","703","704","705","706","707","708","709","710","711","712","713","714","715","716","717","718","719","720","721","722","723","724","725","726","727","728","729","730","731","732","733","734","735","736"],["Joel Embiid","Luka Dončić","Giannis Antetokounmpo","Shai Gilgeous-Alexander","Jalen Brunson","Devin Booker","Kevin Durant","Jayson Tatum","De'Aaron Fox","Donovan Mitchell","Stephen Curry","Nikola Jokić","Anthony Edwards","Tyrese Maxey","LeBron James","Trae Young","Kyrie Irving","Ja Morant","Anthony Davis","Damian Lillard","DeMar DeRozan","Julius Randle","LaMelo Ball","Desmond Bane","Kawhi Leonard","Lauri Markkanen","Terry Rozier","Jaylen Brown","Zion Williamson","Cade Cunningham","Paolo Banchero","Paul George","Anfernee Simons","Jaren Jackson Jr.","Dejounte Murray","Cam Thomas","Kyle Kuzma","Pascal Siakam","Karl-Anthony Towns","RJ Barrett","Pascal Siakam","Victor Wembanyama","Pascal Siakam","Jamal Murray","Alperen Sengun","Miles Bridges","Jerami Grant","Jimmy Butler","Tyler Herro","Brandon Ingram","RJ Barrett","Bojan Bogdanović","Tyrese Haliburton","Kristaps Porziņģis","CJ McCollum","Scottie Barnes","Terry Rozier","Franz Wagner","Mikal Bridges","Jalen Green","Zach LaVine","Devin Vassell","Domantas Sabonis","Bam Adebayo","Coby White","Jalen Williams","Collin Sexton","Immanuel Quickley","RJ Barrett","Bradley Beal","Darius Garland","D'Angelo Russell","Nikola Vučević","Klay Thompson","Jordan Poole","Fred VanVleet","Brandon Miller","Tobias Harris","Jordan Clarkson","Myles Turner","Immanuel Quickley","Bogdan Bogdanović","Deandre Ayton","Michael Porter Jr.","Dalano Banton","James Harden","Jarrett Allen","Chet Holmgren","Terry Rozier","Jonathan Kuminga","Jalen Johnson","Austin Reaves","Shaedon Sharpe","Malcolm Brogdon","Keldon Johnson","Evan Mobley","De'Andre Hunter","Donte DiVincenzo","Jaden Ivey","Malik Monk","Kelly Oubre Jr.","Simone Fontecchio","Bojan Bogdanović","Keegan Murray","Derrick White","John Collins","Khris Middleton","OG Anunoby","Immanuel Quickley","Trey Murphy III","OG Anunoby","Deni Avdija","GG Jackson II","Dennis Schröder","Bennedict Mathurin","Marcus Smart","Gordon Hayward","Tim Hardaway Jr.","OG Anunoby","Dennis Schröder","Rudy Gobert","Scoot Henderson","Caris LeVert","Aaron Gordon","Norman Powell","Grant Williams","Jalen Duren","Bobby Portis","Kenneth Lofton Jr.","Dennis Schröder","Saddiq Bey","Jabari Smith Jr.","Gary Trent Jr.","Rui Hachimura","P.J. Washington","Grayson Allen","Naz Reid","Cameron Johnson","Corey Kispert","Marvin Bagley III","Andrew Wiggins","Keyonte George","P.J. Washington","Scotty Pippen Jr.","Duncan Robinson","Dillon Brooks","Mark Williams","Kelly Olynyk","Jalen Suggs","Spencer Dinwiddie","Alec Burks","Jrue Holiday","Brook Lopez","Josh Giddey","Cam Whitmore","Harrison Barnes","Ayo Dosunmu","Javonte Green","Aaron Nesmith","Max Strus","Jonas Valančiūnas","Buddy Hield","Buddy Hield","Bruce Brown","Buddy Hield","Tyus Jones","Jaime Jaquez Jr.","Tre Mann","Nic Claxton","P.J. Washington","Marvin Bagley III","Ivica Zubac","Cole Anthony","Jeremy Sochan","Clint Capela","Lamar Stevens","Mike Conley","Malik Beasley","Brandon Clarke","Zach Collins","Daniel Gafford","De'Anthony Melton","Jakob Poeltl","Russell Westbrook","Daniel Gafford","Wendell Carter Jr.","Eric Gordon","Herbert Jones","Luke Kennard","Daniel Gafford","Luguentz Dort","Jusuf Nurkić","Isaiah Stewart","Moritz Wagner","Bruce Brown","Jake LaRavia","Vasilije Micić","Santi Aldama","Simone Fontecchio","Spencer Dinwiddie","Jaden McDaniels","Chimezie Metu","Bojan Bogdanović","Alec Burks","Dalano Banton","Grant Williams","Obi Toppin","Marvin Bagley III","Kevin Huerter","Reggie Jackson","T.J. McConnell","Onyeka Okongwu","Kentavious Caldwell-Pope","Alex Caruso","Talen Horton-Tucker","Tre Jones","Caleb Martin","Patrick Williams","Vince Williams Jr.","Jordan Goodwin","Josh Richardson","Jalen Smith","Gordon Hayward","Kelly Olynyk","Tari Eason","Nick Richards","Lonnie Walker IV","Bruce Brown","Payton Pritchard","Amen Thompson","Josh Hart","Georges Niang","Isaac Okoro","Tre Mann","Cameron Payne","Malaki Branham","Andrew Nembhard","Chris Paul","Brandin Podziemski","Duop Reath","Sam Hauser","Seth Curry","Simone Fontecchio","Taurean Prince","Jabari Walker","Dereck Lively II","Kevin Love","Terance Mann","Ausar Thompson","Dāvis Bertāns","Danilo Gallinari","Draymond Green","Al Horford","Derrick Jones Jr.","Gradey Dick","Dorian Finney-Smith","Tristan Vukcevic","Bilal Coulibaly","Andre Drummond","David Roddy","Miles McBride","Marcus Sasser","Josh Green","Isaiah Joe","Ziaire Williams","Kyle Lowry","Grant Williams","Kelly Olynyk","Kyle Lowry","Walker Kessler","Moses Moody","Royce O'Neale","Kyle Lowry","Nickeil Alexander-Walker","Sam Merrill","Derrick Rose","Dario Šarić","Malachi Flynn","Darius Bazley","Trayce Jackson-Davis","Jordan Nwora","Dante Exum","Markelle Fultz","Isaiah Hartenstein","Jordan Hawkins","Royce O'Neale","RaiQuan Gray","Nikola Jović","Precious Achiuwa","Precious Achiuwa","Precious Achiuwa","Toumani Camara","Cody Martin","Brice Sensabaugh","Jaylen Nowell","Royce O'Neale","Cameron Payne","Trey Jemison","Aleksej Pokusevski","Christian Braun","Jaden Hardy","Taylor Hendricks","Paul Reed","Quentin Grimes","Lamar Stevens","Johnny Juzang","Kevin Knox","Trey Lyles","Evan Fournier","Jose Alvarado","Naji Marshall","Landry Shamet","James Wiseman","Richaun Holmes","Vasilije Micić","Jordan Nwora","Quentin Grimes","Javon Freeman-Liberty","Tosan Evbuomwan","Danilo Gallinari","Evan Fournier","Gary Harris","Killian Hayes","Bones Hyland","Mãozinha Pereira","Trendon Watford","Aaron Wiggins","Christian Wood","Spencer Dinwiddie","Trey Jemison","Julian Champagnie","Jonathan Isaac","Cedi Osman","Day'Ron Sharpe","Cason Wallace","Robert Williams","Shake Milton","Dāvis Bertāns","Jahmi'us Ramsey","Peyton Watson","Marcus Morris","Ochai Agbaji","Amir Coffey","Aaron Holiday","Dennis Smith Jr.","Alec Burks","Chimezie Metu","Jordan Goodwin","David Roddy","David Duke Jr.","Jeff Green","Isaiah Jackson","Marcus Morris","Kyle Anderson","Chris Boucher","Jared Butler","Bruno Fernando","Daniel Theis","Daniel Theis","Patrick Beverley","Skylar Mays","Cameron Payne","Jaylen Nowell","Patrick Beverley","Jae Crowder","Keon Johnson","Haywood Highsmith","Vit Krejci","Kris Murray","Ben Simmons","Patrick Beverley","Zavier Simpson","Doug McDermott","Xavier Tillman Sr.","Tosan Evbuomwan","Justin Champagnie","Nick Smith Jr.","Marcus Morris","Ochai Agbaji","Noah Clowney","Dyson Daniels","Patty Mills","Jaylen Nowell","Danilo Gallinari","Thomas Bryant","Torrey Craig","Larry Nance Jr.","Pat Connaughton","Craig Porter Jr.","Mitchell Robinson","Malachi Flynn","Doug McDermott","Dexter Dennis","Gary Payton II","Neemias Queta","Nicolas Batum","Alex Fudge","Ochai Agbaji","Ricky Council IV","Kris Dunn","Keon Ellis","Cam Reddish","Matt Ryan","Matisse Thybulle","Sasha Vezenkov","Dean Wade","Delon Wright","Gordon Hayward","Quentin Grimes","Darius Bazley","Xavier Tillman Sr.","Nicolas Batum","Luke Kornet","Davion Mitchell","Mason Plumlee","Stanley Umude","Jordan Nwora","Aleksej Pokusevski","Bol Bol","Brandon Boston Jr.","Jarred Vanderbilt","Bismack Biyombo","Malachi Flynn","Seth Curry","Drew Eubanks","Bryce McGowens","Monte Morris","Chimezie Metu","Jordan Goodwin","Richaun Holmes","Monte Morris","Goga Bitadze","Jevon Carter","Devonte' Graham","Isaiah Livers","Kobi Simmons","D.J. Wilson","Jalen Wilson","Thaddeus Young","KJ Martin","Jock Landale","Garrison Mathews","Jared Rhoden","Kobe Bufkin","DeJon Jarreau","Eugene Omoruyi","Kenrich Williams","Shake Milton","Jacob Gilyard","Dylan Windler","Kenneth Lofton Jr.","Anthony Black","Josh Okogie","Omer Yurtseven","Monte Morris","Shake Milton","Delon Wright","A.J. Green","Kevon Looney","Taze Moore","Julian Strawther","Robert Covington","Keita Bates-Diop","Taj Gibson","Bismack Biyombo","Robert Covington","Patrick Baldwin Jr.","Mo Bamba","Dominick Barlow","MarJon Beauchamp","Joe Ingles","Maxi Kleber","Jontay Porter","Lester Quiñones","Ben Sheppard","Blake Wesley","Seth Curry","Jeff Dowtin","Jaxson Hayes","Caleb Houstan","John Konchar","Dru Smith","Doug McDermott","Thaddeus Young","Jacob Gilyard","Armoni Brooks","Troy Brown Jr.","Troy Brown Jr.","Troy Brown Jr.","Max Christie","Ashton Hagans","Danuel House Jr.","Théo Maledon","Delon Wright","Skylar Mays","Sandro Mamukelashvili","Luka Šamanić","Jae'Sean Tate","Marques Bolden","Ryan Rollins","Evan Fournier","Xavier Tillman Sr.","Patty Mills","Izaiah Brockington","Ousmane Dieng","Luka Garza","Mouhamed Gueye","Justin Holiday","Matthew Hurt","JaVale McGee","Svi Mykhailiuk","Rayan Rupert","Adama Sanogo","Jaylin Williams","Jaden Springer","Mike Muscala","Mamadi Diakite","Jules Bernard","Chris Duarte","DeAndre Jordan","Tre Mann","Sidy Cissoko","Anthony Gill","Kira Lewis Jr.","KJ Martin","KJ Martin","Keita Bates-Diop","Oshae Brissett","Jamal Cain","Drew Peterson","T.J. Warren","Jamaree Bouyea","James Bouknight","Collin Gillespie","Gui Santos","Jarace Walker","Lindy Waters III","Yuta Watanabe","Théo Maledon","Onuralp Bitim","Jordan McLaughlin","Mike Muscala","Richaun Holmes","Marques Bolden","Ryan Rollins","Yuta Watanabe","Buddy Boeheim","Moses Brown","Wenyen Gabriel","Nassir Little","Jalen McDaniels","Harry Giles","Vasilije Micić","Jaden Springer","Charles Bassey","Micah Potter","Dwight Powell","Terquavion Smith","Garrett Temple","Tristan Thompson","Oscar Tshiebwe","Kira Lewis Jr.","A.J. Lawson","Boban Marjanović","Zeke Nnaji","Ish Smith","JT Thor","Brandon Williams","Wesley Matthews","Dalen Terry","Gabe Vincent","Robert Covington","Mike Muscala","Johnny Davis","Saben Lee","Olivier-Maxence Prosper","Dāvis Bertāns","Kira Lewis Jr.","Trevelin Queen","Jeremiah Robinson-Earl","Jeenathan Williams","Ish Wainright","Lamar Stevens","Danilo Gallinari","D.J. Carton","Henri Drell","Orlando Robinson","Nicolas Batum","Patty Mills","Emoni Bates","Leaky Black","Damian Jones","Malik Williams","Kenneth Lofton Jr.","Yuta Watanabe","Timmy Allen","Moussa Diabaté","Otto Porter Jr.","Tosan Evbuomwan","Alex Fudge","Dylan Windler","Greg Brown III","Furkan Korkmaz","Alex Len","Markieff Morris","Harry Giles","AJ Griffin","Mouhamadou Gueye","Joe Harris","Cory Joseph","Xavier Moon","Dalano Banton","Thaddeus Young","Jamaree Bouyea","Amari Bailey","Isaiah Mobley","Chuma Okeke","Olivier Sarr","Dereon Seabron","Cole Swider","Malachi Flynn","Udoka Azubuike","Reggie Bullock","Trent Forrest","Nate Hinton","Andre Jackson Jr.","Julian Phillips","Jaden Springer","Ish Wainright","Colby Jones","Daniel Theis","Mamadi Diakite","Kobe Brown","JD Davison","Jordan Ford","Kevon Harris","D'Moi Hodge","Ty Jerome","Markquis Nowell","Jericho Sims","Lindell Wigginton","Isaiah Wong","P.J. Tucker","Shake Milton","Bismack Biyombo","Justin Minaya","Daishen Nix","Cody Zeller","Jamaree Bouyea","Taj Gibson","P.J. Tucker","Kessler Edwards","Leonard Miller","Jason Preston","Jordan Walsh","Keita Bates-Diop","P.J. Tucker","Jalen Hood-Schifino","Jett Howard","Seth Lundy","Jordan Miller","Josh Minott","Jalen Pickett","Dylan Windler","Ibou Badji","Colin Castleton","Adam Flagler","Dariq Whitehead","Terry Taylor","Jack White","Filip Petrušev","Kendall Brown","Mason Jones","Jerome Robinson","Jermaine Samuels","Jacob Toppin","David Roddy","Skylar Mays","Théo Maledon","R.J. Hampton","Nathan Mensah","Isaiah Thomas","TyTy Washington Jr.","Aleksej Pokusevski","Jay Huff","Keyontae Johnson","Chris Livingston","Mike Muscala","Braxton Key","Robin Lopez","Admiral Schofield","Hunter Tyson","Kenneth Lofton Jr.","Ryan Rollins","Alex Fudge","Dylan Windler","Taj Gibson","Filip Petrušev","Hamidou Diallo","Frank Ntilikina","Joshua Primo","Thanasis Antetokounmpo","James Johnson","Ish Wainright","Charlie Brown Jr.","DaQuan Jeffries","Shaquille Harrison","Quenton Jackson","Wendell Moore Jr.","Jalen Slawson","Pat Spencer","Alondes Williams","Juan Toscano-Anderson","Usman Garuba","E.J. Liddell","Pete Nance","Harry Giles","Maxwell Lewis","Trey Jemison","Darius Bazley","Jacob Gilyard","Marques Bolden","Kira Lewis Jr.","Mamadi Diakite","Filip Petrušev","Ryan Arcidiacono","Malcolm Cazalon","Jalen Crutcher","Andrew Funk","Kaiser Gates","Danny Green","Ron Harper Jr.","Justin Jackson","Dmytro Skapintsev","Javonte Smart","League Average"],["C","PG","PF","PG","PG","PG","PF","PF","PG","SG","PG","C","SG","PG","PF","PG","SG","PG","C","PG","SF","PF","PG","SG","SF","PF","SG","SF","PF","PG","PF","PF","SG","C","SG","SG","PF","PF","PF","SG","PF","C","PF","PG","C","SF","PF","PF","SG","SF","SG","PF","PG","C","PG","SG","SG","SF","SF","SG","SG","SG","C","C","PG","PF","SG","PG","SG","SG","PG","PG","C","SF","SG","PG","SF","PF","SG","C","SG","SG","C","SF","PG","PG","C","C","PG","PF","SF","SG","SG","PG","SF","PF","SF","SG","SG","SG","SF","SF","PF","SF","SG","PF","SF","SF","SG","SF","SF","SF","PF","PG","SF","PG","SF","SF","SF","PG","C","PG","SG","PF","SG","PF","C","PF","PF","PG","SF","PF","SG","PF","PF","SG","C","PF","SF","C","SF","PG","PF","PG","SF","SF","C","C","SG","PG","SG","PG","C","SG","SF","PF","SG","SF","SF","SF","C","SG","SF","SG","SF","PG","SF","PG","C","PF","C","C","PG","PF","C","PF","PG","SG","PF","C","PF","SG","C","PG","PF","C","SG","SF","SG","C","SF","C","PF","C","SG","PF","PG","PF","SF","PG","SF","C","SF","SG","PG","PF","PF","C","SG","PG","PG","C","SG","SG","PG","PG","SF","PF","SG","PG","SG","C","SF","C","PF","C","SG","PG","PG","SF","SF","PF","SF","PG","PG","PG","PG","PG","SG","C","SF","SG","SF","PF","SF","C","PF","SG","SF","PF","SF","PF","C","SF","SG","PF","C","SF","C","PF","PG","PG","SG","SG","SF","PG","PF","C","PG","C","SG","SF","PG","SG","SG","PG","C","PG","PF","PF","SF","PG","PG","C","SG","SF","PF","PF","C","PF","PF","PF","SF","SF","SG","SF","PG","C","PF","SG","SG","PF","C","SG","PF","SG","SF","PF","SG","PG","SF","SG","C","PF","PG","SF","SG","PG","SF","PF","SG","SG","PG","PG","SF","PF","SG","PF","PG","C","SF","PF","SF","C","SG","C","SG","PF","SG","SF","PF","SG","SF","PG","PG","SG","C","PG","PF","SG","PF","C","PF","PF","PF","SG","C","C","C","PG","PG","PG","SG","PG","PF","SG","PF","PG","SF","PG","PG","PG","SF","C","SF","SF","SG","PF","SG","PF","PG","PG","SG","SF","C","SF","C","SF","PG","C","PG","SF","SG","SG","C","PF","SF","SG","SG","PG","SG","SF","SF","SF","PF","PF","PG","SF","SG","PF","PF","PF","C","PG","C","SG","SF","PF","PF","SF","PF","C","PG","SG","C","SG","PG","C","PG","C","PG","C","PG","PG","PF","PG","PF","PF","PF","SF","C","SG","SG","SG","SG","SF","PF","SG","PG","SF","PF","PG","SG","C","PG","SG","PG","SG","C","SG","SF","SF","SF","PF","C","PF","SF","C","PF","SF","SF","C","PF","SG","SG","SG","SG","PG","C","SF","SF","SG","SF","PF","PG","PG","SF","SF","SF","SG","PG","SF","PG","PG","SG","C","PF","SF","C","PG","SG","PF","PG","PG","PF","C","PF","SG","PF","C","SF","SG","PF","C","SG","C","PF","SG","SF","C","PG","SF","PF","PG","SF","SF","SF","SF","PF","PF","SF","PG","SG","PG","PF","PF","SG","SF","PG","SG","PG","C","C","C","PG","SF","SF","C","PF","SF","SF","C","PG","PG","C","PF","C","PG","SG","C","PF","PG","SG","C","PF","PG","PF","PG","SG","SG","PG","PF","C","SG","PG","PF","PF","PG","SG","PF","SG","SF","PF","SF","SG","SF","C","PF","PG","SF","SF","C","C","PF","SF","SF","C","SF","SF","SF","SF","PF","SG","C","PF","C","SF","PF","SG","PG","SG","PG","PF","PG","PG","PF","SF","C","SG","SF","PG","C","SF","SG","SG","SG","SF","PG","SF","SG","C","PF","PF","SG","PG","SG","SG","SG","SG","C","PG","SG","PF","SG","C","SF","PG","C","PG","PF","PF","SF","SF","PG","SF","SF","PF","SG","SF","SF","SF","SF","SG","SF","C","C","SG","SF","PF","SF","C","SG","SG","SG","SF","SF","PF","SG","PG","PG","C","PG","PG","PF","C","SF","SF","C","SF","C","PF","PF","PF","PG","SF","SF","PF","C","SG","PG","SG","PF","PF","SF","SG","SG","SG","PG","SG","SF","PG","SG","SF","PF","PF","PF","C","SF","C","PF","PG","C","PG","PF","C","PG","SG","PG","SG","SF","SG","PF","SF","C","PG",null],[29,24,29,25,27,27,35,25,26,27,35,28,22,23,39,25,31,24,30,33,34,29,22,25,32,26,29,27,23,22,21,33,24,24,27,22,28,29,28,23,29,20,29,26,21,25,29,34,24,26,23,34,23,28,32,22,29,22,27,21,28,23,27,26,23,22,25,24,23,30,24,27,33,33,24,29,21,31,31,27,24,31,25,25,24,34,25,21,29,21,22,25,20,31,24,22,26,27,21,25,28,28,34,23,29,26,32,26,24,23,26,23,19,30,21,29,33,31,26,30,31,19,29,28,30,25,20,28,21,30,24,20,25,25,25,28,24,27,24,24,28,20,25,23,29,28,22,32,22,30,32,33,35,21,19,31,24,30,24,27,31,31,31,27,31,27,22,22,24,25,24,26,23,20,29,26,36,27,27,26,25,25,28,35,25,24,35,25,27,25,24,29,22,26,27,22,30,23,28,30,23,26,34,32,24,25,25,24,25,33,31,23,30,29,23,24,28,22,23,25,30,23,33,32,22,26,25,27,26,21,28,30,23,22,29,20,24,38,20,27,26,33,28,29,21,19,35,27,21,31,35,33,37,26,20,30,20,19,30,22,23,23,23,24,22,37,25,32,37,22,21,30,37,25,27,35,29,25,23,23,25,28,25,25,21,30,24,20,24,24,24,23,28,20,24,30,29,24,22,22,21,20,24,23,26,22,24,28,31,25,26,26,22,30,30,25,23,24,22,35,31,29,22,23,23,23,25,28,30,24,22,26,28,22,20,26,27,31,22,21,34,23,26,27,26,32,26,25,22,24,37,22,34,30,31,23,25,31,31,35,26,29,24,35,33,21,27,23,23,27,35,26,32,25,22,22,19,34,23,19,20,35,24,35,26,33,31,31,23,25,25,32,24,31,24,35,20,23,22,29,24,24,26,26,28,27,31,33,23,23,25,35,28,25,33,24,25,22,24,22,24,31,25,33,26,21,28,26,25,30,28,24,28,28,25,26,27,23,35,23,28,27,24,20,26,26,29,27,25,27,21,20,25,25,28,27,31,24,27,25,21,33,28,38,31,33,21,25,20,23,36,32,24,23,22,20,33,26,23,21,27,26,32,35,25,25,24,24,24,20,24,30,22,31,26,24,24,28,25,21,31,25,35,24,20,25,21,34,23,36,26,19,21,21,21,32,27,24,26,35,22,19,31,22,23,23,28,25,24,24,30,24,23,24,21,20,26,29,22,24,27,32,30,25,21,29,24,24,26,23,26,25,30,21,23,25,32,21,37,32,24,22,23,35,23,35,21,24,37,21,27,33,32,21,24,21,31,22,26,23,24,29,26,35,23,23,23,35,35,20,24,28,25,21,29,24,22,30,22,20,27,22,26,30,34,25,20,25,32,32,29,24,35,24,19,24,25,24,23,24,25,24,32,25,24,22,20,21,29,21,31,27,24,21,25,26,25,26,24,25,25,23,38,27,31,24,21,31,24,38,38,23,20,24,19,28,38,20,20,23,24,21,24,27,21,23,24,19,24,26,23,20,25,26,25,23,22,26,22,22,25,34,22,22,25,23,20,32,26,35,26,23,21,21,20,27,38,23,25,25,21,31,36,29,26,26,30,25,22,24,27,24,30,21,23,23,25,21,24,23,25,25,22,27,23,29,22,24,24,27,36,23,28,25,24,null],[39,70,73,75,77,68,75,74,74,55,74,79,79,70,71,54,58,9,76,73,79,46,22,42,68,55,30,70,70,62,80,74,46,66,78,66,70,39,62,32,80,71,41,59,63,69,54,60,42,64,58,28,69,57,66,60,61,72,82,82,25,68,82,71,79,71,78,38,26,53,57,76,76,77,78,73,74,70,55,77,68,79,55,81,30,72,77,82,31,74,56,82,32,39,69,50,57,81,77,72,68,16,57,77,73,68,55,27,30,57,50,75,48,29,59,20,25,79,23,80,76,62,68,73,76,29,61,82,4,51,63,76,71,68,44,75,81,58,80,24,71,75,73,21,68,72,19,28,75,48,43,69,79,80,47,82,76,9,72,70,82,32,84,33,52,66,75,28,71,29,50,68,81,74,73,19,76,79,6,69,29,38,50,68,74,55,68,76,39,45,79,76,46,80,67,35,30,61,66,76,72,14,29,66,54,76,82,26,64,82,71,55,76,71,51,77,64,43,52,17,43,61,51,78,22,67,58,34,82,62,81,82,69,41,31,75,68,58,74,68,79,8,50,78,72,55,55,75,63,28,6,55,65,76,60,68,10,63,79,48,68,71,57,78,51,37,47,50,60,64,66,30,23,82,61,24,64,24,6,68,34,55,43,75,67,79,3,46,25,74,49,70,28,32,4,49,78,23,18,82,73,40,82,45,38,20,31,58,29,56,66,46,63,17,60,52,51,22,13,26,32,54,42,37,7,63,78,50,28,25,74,58,72,61,82,6,4,43,7,80,37,27,70,78,56,23,51,57,65,4,78,59,49,79,50,40,45,60,59,47,21,47,13,73,50,5,66,22,62,15,26,7,46,34,17,15,51,12,78,23,61,13,9,49,38,53,61,76,51,31,69,64,4,44,28,57,2,51,32,66,57,48,28,65,42,54,14,26,6,9,54,60,63,72,46,24,18,28,43,32,29,30,31,44,75,59,27,37,40,40,33,62,72,23,23,4,2,43,23,2,56,66,17,17,9,43,69,38,37,6,21,69,60,48,6,48,47,56,74,4,50,26,39,4,40,29,38,57,33,48,68,43,26,37,57,61,36,12,70,59,55,9,18,33,41,10,59,37,22,67,19,34,13,33,38,46,43,65,9,10,3,20,32,1,33,25,6,58,8,46,41,39,9,69,32,24,3,19,59,36,13,12,50,12,60,58,53,55,26,3,11,3,14,24,23,33,38,29,17,23,56,13,23,11,13,34,10,22,5,45,50,16,30,49,19,16,63,16,27,49,8,28,42,14,58,43,63,17,36,59,11,3,53,50,24,40,15,15,14,39,22,7,19,17,4,4,36,3,19,15,26,39,7,15,5,5,11,15,4,6,17,6,35,48,26,23,20,11,16,26,14,24,10,9,10,10,47,15,6,18,14,16,44,38,15,57,40,17,11,30,1,6,44,8,6,2,7,2,1,45,3,1,3,6,10,34,15,43,6,20,31,54,17,7,9,14,28,21,18,9,8,32,27,8,22,16,2,2,31,4,2,15,5,22,14,9,17,17,4,8,25,6,11,10,20,9,21,16,20,16,23,18,2,3,4,3,16,3,2,5,2,34,9,4,8,17,3,3,25,12,6,7,11,6,8,8,7,34,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,20,1,1,5,1,2,1,2,2,1,null],[11.5,11.5,11.5,10.6,10.3,9.4,10,9.1,9.699999999999999,9.1,8.800000000000001,10.4,9.1,9.1,9.6,8,9.699999999999999,8.9,9.4,7.4,8.199999999999999,8.6,8.300000000000001,8.6,9,7.8,8.4,9,8.9,8.5,8,7.9,7.8,7.8,8.6,8,8.699999999999999,8.300000000000001,7.7,8.5,8.5,7.8,8.699999999999999,8,8.4,8.1,7.1,6.6,7.7,7.8,7.5,7.1,7.2,6.8,7.3,7.5,7.2,7.3,6.9,6.9,6.8,7.3,7.7,7.5,6.8,7.5,6.5,6.2,6.3,7.1,6.6,6.5,7.7,6.4,6.3,5.8,6.4,6.6,6.1,6.2,5.7,6,7.8,6.4,6.1,4.9,6.7,6.2,6.1,6.2,6.4,5.6,5.5,5.6,5.7,6.4,5.3,5.5,5.4,5.5,5.7,5.7,5.4,5.8,5.3,5.8,5.8,5.8,5.1,4.8,5.6,5.4,5,5.4,5,5.1,5.6,5,5.4,5,5.3,5,5.1,5.5,4.9,5,5.7,5.7,5.3,4.8,4.6,5,5.1,5.3,5.2,4.5,5,4.8,4.8,5.5,5,4.3,4.8,4.8,4.5,4.6,5.2,4.7,4.5,4.1,3.7,4.8,4.6,5,4.5,4.2,4.7,5,4.4,4.3,4.9,4.4,4.4,4.5,4.4,4.9,4.5,4.5,5.2,4.4,4.8,5,4.1,4.6,4.8,4.6,3.9,4.1,5.5,4.3,5,3.7,5,4.4,4.7,4.1,4,3.9,3.6,4.5,3.6,4.2,4,4.2,4.1,3.4,4.1,4,3.8,3.3,4.3,4.1,3.8,3.2,3.7,3.6,4,4.1,3.9,4,4.6,4.1,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.3,3.9,3.6,3.8,3.7,3.5,4,3.9,3.6,3.8,3.6,3.9,3.6,3.5,3.4,3.5,3.5,3.6,3.8,3.6,3.7,3.4,3.2,3.3,3.2,3.2,3.3,4,2.9,3.4,3.7,2.9,2,3.4,3.3,3.1,3.2,3.2,2.9,3,3.4,3.2,3,3.1,3.1,2.8,2.9,2.8,2.8,2.9,2.7,3.6,2.9,2.9,2.6,2.9,2.6,3.2,2.8,3,3,3.4,3,2.9,3.6,3.1,2.6,2.7,3.3,2.8,3.1,3.2,3.2,2.8,2.9,2.7,3,2.6,2.7,3.3,2.5,2.7,2.7,2.7,3.2,2.5,2.8,2.6,2.8,2.5,2.6,2.5,2.6,2.6,3,2.9,2.7,2.7,2.4,2.5,2.5,2.2,2.5,2.4,2.8,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.7,2.5,2,3,2.2,2.5,2.6,2.8,2.6,2.8,2.8,2.1,2.6,2.6,2.4,2.7,2.4,2.4,2.6,2.2,2.4,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.1,2.6,2.4,2.5,2.2,2.5,2.4,2.6,2.6,2.2,2.5,2.1,2.6,2.2,2.3,1.6,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.9,2.1,2.4,2.1,2.6,2.1,2.1,2.2,2.2,2.3,2.2,2.3,2.1,2.4,1.7,2.3,2,2.3,2,2.3,2.4,2,1.9,2.5,2.3,2.4,2,2.5,2.1,1.7,2.2,1.9,1.9,1.8,1.9,2,1.8,1.9,1.8,1.5,2,2.2,1.9,2.3,2,1.9,1.5,2.1,1.8,2.2,2,2,2.2,1.8,1.8,2,1.7,1.9,1.8,1.9,2.1,1.9,2,1.9,1.7,1.7,2.3,2,1.8,2.3,2,1.9,1.6,1.9,2,1.9,1.9,1.9,1.7,1.6,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.4,2.1,2,1.6,1.6,1.5,1.9,2,1.6,1.5,1.6,2,1.9,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.5,1.7,1.8,1.4,1.6,1.7,1.6,2,1.5,1.5,1.4,1.4,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.4,1.5,1.5,1.7,1.6,1.4,1.7,1.9,1.3,1.3,1.7,1.4,2,1.5,1.4,1.3,1.5,1.5,1.7,1.4,1.4,1.6,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.3,1.5,1.4,1.6,1.5,1.3,1.5,1.5,1.6,1.6,1.4,1.2,1.3,1.3,1.6,1.7,1.3,1.3,1.2,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.2,1.4,1.3,1.2,1.4,1.5,1.1,1.2,0.9,1.5,1.6,1.3,1.3,1.4,1.2,1.2,1.5,1.2,1.1,1.1,1.1,1.5,1.3,1.2,1.3,1.3,1.2,1.5,1.3,1.2,0.9,1.2,1.4,1,1.1,1.2,0.8,1,0.7,1.1,1,1.2,1.2,0.9,1.1,0.8,0.8,1,1,1,1,1,1,1.1,1.3,0.9,1.2,1.2,0.9,0.9,1,1,0.9,0.8,0.9,1,0.9,1,0.9,1,0.9,0.9,1.1,0.8,1.1,1.1,0.8,1,0.9,0.7,0.7,0.8,0.6,1,0.8,0.9,0.7,0.9,0.8,0.8,0.6,0.9,1,0.7,0.8,0.6,0.7,1,0.7,1,0,0.8,0.7,1,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.8,0.8,0.6,0.6,0.8,0.9,0.7,0.6,0.6,0.5,0.6,0.4,0.6,0.5,0.6,0.5,0.6,0.6,0.5,0.5,0.6,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.3,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.5,0.5,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.4,0.5,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.4,0.3,0.5,0.2,0.5,0.5,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.4,0.3,0,0.4,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.2,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,null],[0.529,0.487,0.611,0.535,0.479,0.492,0.523,0.471,0.465,0.462,0.45,0.583,0.461,0.45,0.54,0.43,0.497,0.471,0.556,0.424,0.48,0.472,0.433,0.464,0.525,0.48,0.459,0.499,0.57,0.449,0.455,0.471,0.43,0.444,0.459,0.442,0.463,0.522,0.504,0.553,0.536,0.465,0.549,0.481,0.537,0.462,0.451,0.499,0.441,0.492,0.495,0.468,0.477,0.516,0.459,0.475,0.443,0.482,0.436,0.423,0.452,0.472,0.594,0.521,0.447,0.54,0.487,0.422,0.423,0.513,0.446,0.456,0.484,0.432,0.413,0.416,0.44,0.487,0.413,0.524,0.434,0.428,0.57,0.484,0.408,0.428,0.634,0.53,0.423,0.529,0.511,0.486,0.406,0.44,0.454,0.58,0.459,0.443,0.429,0.443,0.441,0.479,0.454,0.454,0.461,0.532,0.493,0.489,0.454,0.443,0.489,0.506,0.428,0.424,0.446,0.43,0.468,0.402,0.488,0.435,0.661,0.385,0.421,0.556,0.486,0.503,0.619,0.508,0.6,0.442,0.416,0.454,0.426,0.537,0.446,0.499,0.477,0.446,0.486,0.581,0.453,0.391,0.436,0.493,0.45,0.428,0.649,0.548,0.471,0.391,0.394,0.48,0.485,0.475,0.454,0.474,0.501,0.6,0.496,0.418,0.5590000000000001,0.426,0.436,0.475,0.443,0.489,0.489,0.453,0.629,0.421,0.586,0.649,0.435,0.438,0.571,0.446,0.457,0.443,0.5590000000000001,0.484,0.78,0.386,0.656,0.454,0.725,0.525,0.443,0.498,0.448,0.6899999999999999,0.438,0.51,0.487,0.601,0.478,0.389,0.437,0.435,0.46,0.392,0.489,0.5,0.43,0.369,0.404,0.456,0.573,0.591,0.443,0.431,0.556,0.611,0.46,0.468,0.396,0.505,0.431,0.443,0.446,0.349,0.444,0.592,0.464,0.555,0.466,0.6909999999999999,0.423,0.481,0.468,0.536,0.434,0.449,0.49,0.459,0.413,0.432,0.498,0.441,0.454,0.461,0.446,0.441,0.45,0.442,0.46,0.747,0.44,0.515,0.483,0.394,0.545,0.497,0.511,0.483,0.425,0.421,0.433,0.435,0.556,0.402,0.452,0.428,0.479,0.458,0.397,0.426,0.413,0.5620000000000001,0.432,0.654,0.462,0.411,0.444,0.439,0.402,0.461,0.466,0.43,0.621,0.702,0.465,0.533,0.472,0.644,0.382,0.397,0.588,0.452,0.459,0.501,0.525,0.45,0.381,0.39,0.522,0.388,0.432,0.551,0.429,0.46,0.407,0.45,0.54,0.395,0.45,0.464,0.462,0.445,0.373,0.412,0.463,0.431,0.613,0.5570000000000001,0.43,0.462,0.372,0.444,0.571,0.435,0.357,0.441,0.413,0.386,0.514,0.527,0.5620000000000001,0.466,0.397,0.551,0.408,0.51,0.479,0.571,0.491,0.654,0.423,0.393,0.439,0.465,0.439,0.391,0.472,0.446,0.435,0.307,0.504,0.369,0.403,0.556,0.456,0.665,0.439,0.46,0.507,0.488,0.583,0.532,0.536,0.432,0.384,0.455,0.436,0.417,0.422,0.381,0.465,0.49,0.396,0.581,0.391,0.315,0.442,0.408,0.507,0.41,0.391,0.441,0.411,0.538,0.447,0.338,0.4,0.437,0.577,0.43,0.573,0.435,0.509,0.575,0.418,0.433,0.526,0.5629999999999999,0.644,0.456,0.556,0.426,0.482,0.47,0.461,0.389,0.434,0.397,0.44,0.414,0.394,0.453,0.214,0.6,0.434,0.453,0.7,0.452,0.569,0.44,0.451,0.405,0.616,0.404,0.518,0.5629999999999999,0.409,0.392,0.601,0.439,0.417,0.508,0.389,0.5580000000000001,0.405,0.603,0.378,0.352,0.345,0.429,0.667,0.425,0.621,0.4,0.515,0.456,0.5,0.37,0.34,0.485,0.468,0.4,0.417,0.526,0.462,0.466,0.417,0.538,0.364,0.405,0.394,0.423,0.597,0.421,0.369,0.449,0.427,0.571,0.5649999999999999,0.439,0.381,0.49,0.496,0.488,0.436,0.432,0.385,0.397,0.393,0.474,0.372,0.556,0.72,0.388,0.423,0.455,0.406,0.602,0.4,0.326,0.372,0.441,0.296,0.427,0.408,0.448,0.288,0.393,0.396,0.471,0.38,0.472,0.68,0.52,0.2,0.515,0.351,0.4,0.422,0.48,0.348,0.454,0.353,0.598,0.416,0.335,0.519,0.417,0.39,0.367,0.8,0.453,0.381,0.624,0.5,0.485,0.469,0.45,0.536,0.544,0.434,0.444,0.43,0.667,0.439,0.714,0.439,0.464,0.509,0.409,0.471,0.361,0.286,0.381,0.483,0.341,0.5590000000000001,0.68,0.519,0.353,0.31,0.508,0.364,0.46,0.344,0.5,0.407,0.399,0.725,0.475,0.679,0.391,0.372,0.608,0.5,0.37,0.446,0.529,0.463,0.418,0.437,0.37,0.351,0.439,0.306,0.333,0.359,0.403,0.364,0.385,0.385,0.308,0.368,0.474,0.54,0.333,0.467,0.378,0.375,0.4,0.5,0.375,0.373,0.306,0.481,0.597,0.265,0.378,0.316,0.261,0.526,0.424,0.267,0.4,0.5,0.455,0.395,0.617,0.338,0.46,0.29,0.289,0.359,0.359,0.326,0.373,0.524,0.357,0.333,0.417,0.357,0.579,0.308,0.395,0.391,0.696,0.415,0.378,0.423,0.5,0.416,0.433,0.292,0.394,0.25,0.667,0.411,0.417,0.571,0.667,0.333,0.5,0,0.6909999999999999,0.4,0.333,0.4,0.444,0.583,0.297,0.375,0.419,0.238,0.405,0.36,0.415,0.65,0.316,0.4,0.5,0.356,0.222,0.333,0.235,0.556,0.472,0.429,0.444,0.636,0.5629999999999999,0.143,0.2,0.513,0.125,0.5,0.533,0.25,0.333,0.643,0.556,0.435,0.476,0.25,0.286,0.429,0.3,0.3,0.25,0.6,0.313,0.5,0.364,0.412,0.368,0.385,0.4,0.167,0.5,0.167,0.5,0.304,0.5,0.5,0.111,0.333,0.533,0.3,0.167,0.2,0.353,0.5,0,0.5,0.667,0.5,0.25,0.25,0.167,0.167,0.167,0.167,0.19,null,0,0,null,null,0,null,0,null,0,0,0,0,null,null,0,null,0.474],[0.5610000000000001,0.573,0.624,0.5669999999999999,0.543,0.55,0.581,0.552,0.534,0.545,0.573,0.612,0.522,0.524,0.599,0.516,0.573,0.512,0.5669999999999999,0.51,0.507,0.518,0.515,0.552,0.585,0.578,0.535,0.5570000000000001,0.573,0.5,0.497,0.569,0.523,0.494,0.528,0.503,0.521,0.5590000000000001,0.575,0.601,0.569,0.519,0.579,0.554,0.553,0.527,0.516,0.537,0.531,0.534,0.547,0.569,0.57,0.589,0.572,0.528,0.518,0.525,0.521,0.498,0.531,0.55,0.609,0.529,0.534,0.592,0.549,0.518,0.478,0.582,0.524,0.5600000000000001,0.522,0.551,0.491,0.527,0.524,0.535,0.469,0.587,0.53,0.537,0.571,0.586,0.471,0.541,0.634,0.598,0.497,0.5600000000000001,0.5620000000000001,0.5679999999999999,0.475,0.522,0.527,0.6,0.547,0.584,0.492,0.526,0.498,0.592,0.551,0.548,0.578,0.59,0.5659999999999999,0.584,0.549,0.579,0.577,0.5600000000000001,0.519,0.507,0.507,0.519,0.505,0.51,0.5679999999999999,0.509,0.661,0.44,0.487,0.584,0.594,0.585,0.619,0.5620000000000001,0.657,0.511,0.497,0.537,0.531,0.609,0.524,0.649,0.576,0.5570000000000001,0.602,0.599,0.511,0.482,0.518,0.5669999999999999,0.589,0.515,0.649,0.598,0.578,0.48,0.516,0.581,0.583,0.523,0.539,0.576,0.583,0.667,0.606,0.533,0.585,0.55,0.5649999999999999,0.527,0.575,0.569,0.536,0.524,0.63,0.508,0.597,0.649,0.496,0.483,0.571,0.474,0.595,0.598,0.5679999999999999,0.531,0.78,0.493,0.656,0.486,0.725,0.6,0.5649999999999999,0.595,0.617,0.6899999999999999,0.5570000000000001,0.528,0.575,0.636,0.523,0.477,0.495,0.528,0.582,0.489,0.5570000000000001,0.5570000000000001,0.521,0.478,0.463,0.5600000000000001,0.661,0.594,0.553,0.499,0.572,0.642,0.5659999999999999,0.593,0.46,0.5580000000000001,0.504,0.525,0.55,0.399,0.539,0.67,0.51,0.616,0.513,0.6909999999999999,0.528,0.519,0.583,0.545,0.493,0.5669999999999999,0.577,0.533,0.514,0.506,0.5570000000000001,0.525,0.529,0.549,0.623,0.517,0.577,0.5659999999999999,0.5,0.747,0.5570000000000001,0.587,0.505,0.553,0.705,0.5659999999999999,0.64,0.5659999999999999,0.524,0.535,0.507,0.509,0.556,0.462,0.572,0.516,0.575,0.609,0.474,0.554,0.538,0.632,0.5620000000000001,0.66,0.548,0.549,0.578,0.5600000000000001,0.584,0.506,0.5620000000000001,0.503,0.655,0.702,0.541,0.621,0.479,0.645,0.501,0.542,0.676,0.5679999999999999,0.497,0.529,0.547,0.516,0.444,0.468,0.5649999999999999,0.537,0.541,0.551,0.505,0.525,0.492,0.5600000000000001,0.5610000000000001,0.53,0.479,0.609,0.546,0.576,0.45,0.525,0.542,0.527,0.613,0.5629999999999999,0.488,0.535,0.495,0.484,0.661,0.511,0.432,0.569,0.452,0.474,0.586,0.571,0.645,0.532,0.521,0.551,0.534,0.584,0.591,0.578,0.602,0.654,0.481,0.556,0.512,0.516,0.527,0.432,0.571,0.547,0.482,0.383,0.5610000000000001,0.424,0.462,0.639,0.529,0.665,0.53,0.472,0.578,0.547,0.583,0.577,0.581,0.504,0.435,0.572,0.474,0.497,0.53,0.476,0.581,0.625,0.463,0.581,0.486,0.361,0.619,0.437,0.592,0.494,0.5,0.542,0.483,0.602,0.514,0.406,0.436,0.516,0.591,0.55,0.629,0.553,0.535,0.575,0.505,0.599,0.553,0.617,0.644,0.599,0.611,0.52,0.536,0.535,0.612,0.468,0.615,0.524,0.5580000000000001,0.584,0.477,0.524,0.262,0.633,0.47,0.596,0.702,0.54,0.569,0.583,0.518,0.479,0.6889999999999999,0.447,0.553,0.5629999999999999,0.511,0.485,0.607,0.513,0.521,0.5649999999999999,0.448,0.5610000000000001,0.493,0.608,0.484,0.468,0.44,0.476,0.833,0.492,0.626,0.45,0.539,0.644,0.591,0.418,0.38,0.524,0.5679999999999999,0.444,0.594,0.737,0.506,0.54,0.488,0.552,0.394,0.451,0.46,0.599,0.597,0.447,0.462,0.545,0.493,0.643,0.5649999999999999,0.536,0.481,0.553,0.509,0.578,0.59,0.541,0.481,0.511,0.5,0.502,0.472,0.681,0.72,0.5629999999999999,0.514,0.5610000000000001,0.536,0.606,0.57,0.446,0.476,0.572,0.37,0.515,0.465,0.519,0.326,0.451,0.447,0.532,0.421,0.522,0.68,0.5600000000000001,0.25,0.576,0.443,0.4,0.513,0.54,0.413,0.595,0.426,0.602,0.569,0.422,0.519,0.533,0.424,0.444,0.8,0.539,0.486,0.624,0.6,0.5,0.5,0.475,0.5580000000000001,0.5639999999999999,0.497,0.493,0.5,0.917,0.463,0.786,0.598,0.572,0.6,0.509,0.649,0.485,0.321,0.452,0.628,0.489,0.5590000000000001,0.68,0.574,0.461,0.448,0.508,0.386,0.544,0.376,0.534,0.467,0.432,0.725,0.588,0.6840000000000001,0.533,0.449,0.608,0.5,0.391,0.5,0.529,0.483,0.43,0.514,0.398,0.474,0.494,0.337,0.444,0.449,0.448,0.382,0.447,0.577,0.327,0.408,0.542,0.5600000000000001,0.5,0.5,0.419,0.438,0.5,0.556,0.5,0.5,0.408,0.5669999999999999,0.618,0.279,0.419,0.342,0.261,0.526,0.545,0.333,0.433,0.717,0.5,0.487,0.617,0.449,0.49,0.371,0.289,0.487,0.461,0.348,0.392,0.524,0.375,0.354,0.479,0.46,0.632,0.346,0.526,0.478,0.696,0.579,0.389,0.5580000000000001,0.585,0.494,0.467,0.438,0.408,0.25,0.667,0.489,0.542,0.714,0.667,0.433,0.5,0,0.6909999999999999,0.4,0.333,0.6,0.5,0.583,0.378,0.5,0.427,0.238,0.432,0.49,0.537,0.7,0.316,0.467,0.531,0.478,0.244,0.45,0.324,0.611,0.528,0.5570000000000001,0.667,0.636,0.5629999999999999,0.214,0.2,0.538,0.188,0.5,0.533,0.375,0.364,0.643,0.611,0.457,0.524,0.25,0.321,0.429,0.4,0.35,0.313,0.7,0.344,0.523,0.386,0.471,0.421,0.5,0.5,0.167,0.75,0.167,0.75,0.304,0.5,0.5,0.167,0.333,0.533,0.3,0.25,0.3,0.412,0.5,0,0.5,0.667,0.5,0.25,0.292,0.167,0.167,0.25,0.167,0.214,null,0,0,null,null,0,null,0,null,0,0,0,0,null,null,0,null,0.547],[34.7,33.9,30.4,30.1,28.7,27.1,27.1,26.9,26.6,26.6,26.4,26.4,25.9,25.9,25.7,25.7,25.6,25.1,24.7,24.3,24,24,23.9,23.7,23.7,23.2,23.2,23,22.9,22.7,22.6,22.6,22.6,22.5,22.5,22.5,22.2,22.2,21.8,21.8,21.7,21.4,21.3,21.2,21.1,21,21,20.8,20.8,20.8,20.2,20.2,20.1,20.1,20,19.9,19.8,19.7,19.6,19.6,19.5,19.5,19.4,19.3,19.1,19.1,18.7,18.6,18.2,18.2,18,18,18,17.9,17.4,17.4,17.3,17.2,17.1,17.1,17,16.9,16.7,16.7,16.7,16.6,16.5,16.5,16.4,16.1,16,15.9,15.9,15.7,15.7,15.7,15.6,15.5,15.4,15.4,15.4,15.4,15.2,15.2,15.2,15.1,15.1,15.1,15,14.8,14.7,14.7,14.6,14.6,14.5,14.5,14.5,14.4,14.1,14,14,14,14,13.9,13.9,13.9,13.8,13.8,13.8,13.7,13.7,13.7,13.7,13.6,13.6,13.5,13.5,13.4,13.4,13.3,13.2,13,12.9,12.9,12.9,12.7,12.7,12.7,12.6,12.6,12.6,12.5,12.5,12.3,12.3,12.2,12.2,12.2,12.2,12.2,12.2,12.2,12.1,12.1,12,12,11.9,11.9,11.8,11.7,11.7,11.7,11.6,11.6,11.5,11.5,11.4,11.3,11.3,11.2,11.2,11.1,11.1,11.1,11,11,11,11,11,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.9,10.8,10.8,10.8,10.7,10.5,10.5,10.5,10.5,10.4,10.4,10.3,10.3,10.3,10.2,10.2,10.2,10.2,10.2,10.1,10.1,10.1,10,10,10,10,10,9.9,9.9,9.800000000000001,9.800000000000001,9.800000000000001,9.699999999999999,9.699999999999999,9.6,9.6,9.5,9.4,9.4,9.4,9.300000000000001,9.300000000000001,9.199999999999999,9.199999999999999,9.199999999999999,9.199999999999999,9.1,9,9,8.9,8.9,8.9,8.800000000000001,8.800000000000001,8.800000000000001,8.800000000000001,8.800000000000001,8.699999999999999,8.6,8.6,8.6,8.5,8.5,8.5,8.4,8.4,8.4,8.300000000000001,8.300000000000001,8.199999999999999,8.199999999999999,8.199999999999999,8.199999999999999,8.1,8.1,8.1,8.1,8.1,8.1,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,7.9,7.9,7.8,7.8,7.8,7.8,7.7,7.7,7.7,7.7,7.6,7.6,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.5,7.4,7.4,7.4,7.4,7.3,7.3,7.3,7.3,7.3,7.2,7.2,7.2,7.2,7.2,7.1,7.1,7.1,7.1,7.1,7,7,7,7,7,7,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.9,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.8,6.7,6.7,6.7,6.7,6.7,6.6,6.6,6.6,6.5,6.5,6.5,6.5,6.5,6.5,6.5,6.4,6.4,6.4,6.3,6.3,6.3,6.3,6.3,6.3,6.2,6.2,6.2,6.2,6.2,6.1,6.1,6.1,6.1,6,6,6,6,5.9,5.9,5.9,5.8,5.8,5.8,5.8,5.8,5.7,5.7,5.7,5.7,5.7,5.6,5.6,5.6,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.3,5.2,5.2,5.2,5.2,5.2,5.2,5.1,5.1,5.1,5.1,5.1,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4.9,4.9,4.9,4.8,4.8,4.8,4.7,4.7,4.7,4.7,4.6,4.6,4.6,4.6,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.4,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.1,4.1,4.1,4.1,4.1,4.1,4.1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,3.9,3.9,3.9,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.6,3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.1,3.1,3.1,3,3,3,3,3,2.9,2.9,2.9,2.9,2.9,2.9,2.8,2.8,2.8,2.8,2.8,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.7,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.5,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.4,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.2,2.1,2.1,2.1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.8,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.4,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.1,1.1,1.1,1.1,1.1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0.9,0.9,0.8,0.8,0.8,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.5,0.4,0.3,0.3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,null]],"container":"<table class=\"display\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th> <\/th>\n      <th>Player<\/th>\n      <th>Pos<\/th>\n      <th>Age<\/th>\n      <th>G<\/th>\n      <th>FG<\/th>\n      <th>FG%<\/th>\n      <th>eFG%<\/th>\n      <th>PTS<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n<\/table>","options":{"pageLength":5,"dom":"tip","scrollX":true,"fixedColumns":{"leftColumns":2},"columnDefs":[{"className":"dt-right","targets":[3,4,5,6,7,8]},{"orderable":false,"targets":0},{"name":" ","targets":0},{"name":"Player","targets":1},{"name":"Pos","targets":2},{"name":"Age","targets":3},{"name":"G","targets":4},{"name":"FG","targets":5},{"name":"FG%","targets":6},{"name":"eFG%","targets":7},{"name":"PTS","targets":8}],"order":[],"autoWidth":false,"orderClasses":false,"lengthMenu":[5,10,25,50,100]},"selection":{"mode":"multiple","selected":null,"target":"row","selectable":null}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

.footnote[
<html>
<hr>
</html>

**Source:** Data scraped from [Basketball-Reference ](https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_2024_per_game.html)on October 30, 2024 using the [rvest](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rvest/rvest.pdf) <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:gold;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M50.7 58.5L0 160H208V32H93.7C75.5 32 58.9 42.3 50.7 58.5zM240 160H448L397.3 58.5C389.1 42.3 372.5 32 354.3 32H240V160zm208 32H0V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V192z"/></svg>. The printing was limited to the selected variables.
]

---

# Time Series Data

**Time Series Data:** Comparable measurements recorded on a single (or a few) variables over time (usually a long period of time).

**Example 2:** Stock prices of U.S. Airlines

---

# Panel Data

**Panel Data:** Cross sectional measurements (usually many variables) repeated over time (usually over a few time periods).

**Example:** World Bank's Data

<div class="datatables html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-5c4c8e964e5bd54871c0" style="width:100%;height:auto;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-5c4c8e964e5bd54871c0">{"x":{"filter":"none","vertical":false,"extensions":["FixedColumns"],"data":[["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"],["CHN","CHN","CHN","EGY","EGY","EGY","USA","USA","USA"],[2021,2022,2023,2021,2022,2023,2021,2022,2023],[8.4,3,5.2,3.3,6.6,3.8,5.8,1.9,2.5],[3.2,3,3,9.800000000000001,9.5,9.5,3.4,3.2,3.2],[null,null,null,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.2,0.2],[5,5,5,1.1,1.1,1.1,2.7,2.7,2.7],[2.4,2.4,2.4,0.7,0.7,null,3.6,3.6,3.6],[25.6,25.6,25.6,24.3,24.3,24.3,23,23,23],[17.4,17.4,null,10.1,10.1,null,12.7,12.7,null],[78.2,78.59999999999999,78.59999999999999,70.2,70.2,70.2,76.3,77.40000000000001,77.40000000000001]],"container":"<table class=\"display\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th> <\/th>\n      <th>iso3c<\/th>\n      <th>date<\/th>\n      <th>NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG<\/th>\n      <th>SH.DYN.NMRT<\/th>\n      <th>SH.HIV.INCD.ZS<\/th>\n      <th>SH.MED.BEDS.ZS<\/th>\n      <th>SH.MED.PHYS.ZS<\/th>\n      <th>SH.PRV.SMOK<\/th>\n      <th>SH.STA.TRAF.P5<\/th>\n      <th>SP.DYN.LE00.IN<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n<\/table>","options":{"pageLength":5,"dom":"tip","scrollX":"500px","fixedColumns":{"leftColumns":3},"columnDefs":[{"className":"dt-right","targets":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},{"orderable":false,"targets":0},{"name":" ","targets":0},{"name":"iso3c","targets":1},{"name":"date","targets":2},{"name":"NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG","targets":3},{"name":"SH.DYN.NMRT","targets":4},{"name":"SH.HIV.INCD.ZS","targets":5},{"name":"SH.MED.BEDS.ZS","targets":6},{"name":"SH.MED.PHYS.ZS","targets":7},{"name":"SH.PRV.SMOK","targets":8},{"name":"SH.STA.TRAF.P5","targets":9},{"name":"SP.DYN.LE00.IN","targets":10}],"order":[],"autoWidth":false,"orderClasses":false,"lengthMenu":[5,10,25,50,100]},"selection":{"mode":"multiple","selected":null,"target":"row","selectable":null}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

.footnote[
<html>
<hr>
</html>

**Source:** Data queried from the [World Bank Data](https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/) using the [wbstats](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/wbstats/wbstats.pdf) <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:gold;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M50.7 58.5L0 160H208V32H93.7C75.5 32 58.9 42.3 50.7 58.5zM240 160H448L397.3 58.5C389.1 42.3 372.5 32 354.3 32H240V160zm208 32H0V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V192z"/></svg> in R. The printed results show a snapshot of 7 variables (out of a much larger panel dataset). You can think of panel data as a cross-sectional dataset with a longitudinal/time component.
]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# Components of a Time Series

---

# Trend

A **trend** is an increasing or decreasing pattern over time.

---
count:false
# Trend

A **trend** is an increasing or decreasing pattern over time.

---

# Seasonality

**Seasonality** refers to the property of a time series that displays REGULAR patterns that repeat at a constant frequency (*m*).

---

# Cycle

**Cyclical fluctuations** are somewhat irregular (unknown duration).

---
class: inverse, center, middle
# The Goals Behind Visualizing (Time Series) Data

---

# Exploratory vs Confirmatory Viz Goals

> _Visualizations can be used to explore data, to confirm a hypothesis, or to manipulate
a viewer. . . In exploratory visualization the user does not necessarily
know what he is looking for. This creates a dynamic scenario in which interaction
is critical. . . In a confirmatory visualization, the user has a
hypothesis that needs to be tested. This scenario is more stable and predictable.
System parameters are often predetermined._ -- [(Grinstein and Ward 2001, 22)](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Information_Visualization_in_Data_Mining/rYFvnyPRwkgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Grinstein%2C%20Georges%20G%2C%20and%20Matthew%20O%20Ward.%202001.%20%E2%80%9CIntroduction%20to%20Data%20Visualization.%E2%80%9D%20In%20Information%20Visualization%20in%20Data%20Mining%20and%20Knowledge%20Discovery%2C%20edited%20by%20Usama%20Fayyad%2C%20Georges%20G%20Grinstein%2C%20and%20Andreas%20Wierse%2C%2021%E2%80%9345.%20San%20Francisco%2C%20CA%3A%20Morg&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover)

---

# A Structured Approach for Time Series Viz

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#../../figures/ts_plots_flow_chart.png" alt="A Potential Framework for Time Series Visualization" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">A Potential Framework for Time Series Visualization</p>
</div>

.footnote[
<html>
<hr>
</html>

This is my best attempt to improve on the general advice provided in the previous slide. Many of the suggestions, presented in this flow chart, stem from my past and current research/consulting collaborations. They are by no means a comprehensive list of everything that you can do.
]

---

# Singular TS

---

# Looking for Trends

---

# Looking for Seasonality

---

# Multiple TS: Scatterplots

---

# Multiple TS: Scatterplot Matrix

---

# Multiple TS: Panel Plots

---

# Spaghetti Plots (Often w/ Clustering)

---

# Summary Plots (Often w/ Clustering)

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# Recap

---

# Summary of Main Points

- Understand main goals behind visualizing time-series data

- Explain the different types of charts for univariate and multivariate time-series