ISA 401: Business Intelligence & Data Visualization

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.title[
# ISA 401: Business Intelligence & Data Visualization
]
.subtitle[
## 22: Business Reporting
]
.author[
### <br>Fadel M. Megahed, PhD <br><br>Professor of Information Systems and Business Analytics <br> Farmer School of Business<br> Miami University<br><br> <a href="https://twitter.com/FadelMegahed"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z" /></svg> <span class="citation">@FadelMegahed</span></a> <br> <a href="https://github.com/fmegahed/"><svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z" /></svg> fmegahed</a> <br> <a href="mailto:fmegahed@miamioh.edu"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z" /></svg> fmegahed@miamioh.edu</a><br> <a href="https://calendly.com/fmegahed"><svg viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;fill:white;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M202.021 0C122.202 0 70.503 32.703 29.914 91.026c-7.363 10.58-5.093 25.086 5.178 32.874l43.138 32.709c10.373 7.865 25.132 6.026 33.253-4.148 25.049-31.381 43.63-49.449 82.757-49.449 30.764 0 68.816 19.799 68.816 49.631 0 22.552-18.617 34.134-48.993 51.164-35.423 19.86-82.299 44.576-82.299 106.405V320c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h72.471c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24v-5.773c0-42.86 125.268-44.645 125.268-160.627C377.504 66.256 286.902 0 202.021 0zM192 373.459c-38.196 0-69.271 31.075-69.271 69.271 0 38.195 31.075 69.27 69.271 69.27s69.271-31.075 69.271-69.271-31.075-69.27-69.271-69.27z" /></svg> Automated Scheduler for Office Hours</a><br><br>
]
.date[
### Fall 2024
]

---

# Learning Objectives for Today's Class

- Define a “business report” & its main functions

- Understand the importance of the right KPIs

- Automate traditional business reports

- Dashboards as real-time business reporting tools

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# What is a Business Report and its Main Functions

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# Definition and Concepts

.content-box-grey[
.font120[**What is a report?**]

- **.black[A .red[report] is any communication artifact prepared to convey specific .blue[information]]**   
  - **.black[A .red[report] = information &#8594; data-driven decisions]**   
  - **.black[A .red[report] can fulfill many functions:]**    
    + To ensure proper departmental functioning  
    + To provide information  
    + To provide the results of an analysis   
    + To persuade others to act  
    + To create an organizational memory
]

.footnote[
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</html>

**Source:** Sharda, R., Delen, D., & Turban, E. (2013). Business Intelligence: A managerial perspective on analytics (Chapter 3). Prentice Hall Press.
]

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# What is a Business Report?

- **.black[A written document that contains information regarding business matters.]**

- **.black[.red[Purpose:] to improve managerial decisions.]**

- **.black[.red[Source:] data from inside and outside the organization (via the use of ETL)]**

- **.black[.red[Format:] text + tables + graphs/charts]**

- **.black[.red[Distribution:] in-print, email, portal/intranet]**

<br>

**.black[The process of business reporting:]**

.center[
**.black[Data acquisition &#8594; Information generation &#8594; Decision making &#8594; Process
management]**
]

.footnote[
<html>
<hr>
</html>

**Source:** Sharda, R., Delen, D., & Turban, E. (2013). Business Intelligence: A managerial perspective on analytics (Chapter 3). Prentice Hall Press.
]

---

# The Business Reporting Process

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<hr>
</html>

**Source:** Sharda, R., Delen, D., & Turban, E. (2013). Business Intelligence: A managerial perspective on analytics (Chapter 3). Prentice Hall Press.
]

---

# Keys to Successful Reports

- Clarity

- Brevity

- Completeness

- Correctness

- Report types (in terms of content and format)  
  + Informal a single letter or a memo   
  + Formal 10-100 pages; cover + summary + text 
  + Short report periodic, informative, investigative

.footnote[
<html>
<hr>
</html>

**Source:** Sharda, R., Delen, D., & Turban, E. (2013). Business Intelligence: A managerial perspective on analytics (Chapter 3). Prentice Hall Press.
]

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# Dashboards vs Scorecards

.pull-left[
.content-box-grey[
.center[.font120[**Dashboards**]]

- Dashboards provide **monitoring tools for operational performance (often in real-time)**.  
- Dashboards monitor performance by **tracking metrics (typically over-time and often without comparing them to target values).**

]
]

.pull-right[
.content-box-grey[
.center[.font120[**Scorecards**]]

- Scorecards provide a **snapshot of current performance (as measured using KPIs) vs. their targets**.  
- Current performance is **an aggregated measure** (e.g., day/month), i.e., ~ static
- **Goal:** make better strategic decisions based on the `\(distance = target - performance\)`

]
]

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**Source:** Scorecard vs Dashboard – What Each Adds to Business Intelligence <https://www.sisense.com/blog/scorecard-vs-dashboard-adds-business-intelligence/> 
]

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# Out-of-Class: Make this Power BI Scoreboard

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# The Importance of the Right KPIs

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# 0.15pt Bonus Activity: Paper Airplanes

.panelset[

.panel[.panel-name[Activity Description]

> Over the next 15 minutes, please design the **best paper plane that
can consistently hit the target on the whiteboard (from a distance of 6ft)**.

**Games Rules:**

- You are allowed to use any of the material that was brought to class.  
- Work with your group to have the best design.  
- You can look up designs online or design your own -- no design restrictions.  
- When testing, make sure that there no people between your launching point and your target.   
- A demo will proceed for the teams that want to “show-off” their talents.
- **Winning team gets 0.15 point (out of 25) added to their Exam II Grade.**

]

.panel[.panel-name[Identify KPIs for this Activity]

.pull-left[
.center[.font120[**Operational Performance Indicators**] .font80[(List 5-7)]]

- .can-edit.key-activity1a[Cycle time]

]

.pull-right[
.center[.font120[**Client/Product Performance Indicators**] .font80[(List 5-7)]]

- .can-edit.key-activity2a[Accuracy]   
]

]
]

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# Automating Business Reports

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# Automating Visual Business Reports

In many data visualization software, this can be accomplished easily by:

- Live connections to data files and databases; or

- Auto-refreshing or some similar concept.

Hence, we often think of **BI dashboards as tools for real-time performance monitoring**.

---

# Automating Traditional Business Reports: RPA

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#https://p1.pxfuel.com/preview/197/191/654/robot-3d-print-wallpaper.jpg" alt="Robotic process automation for business reporting" width="80%" />
<p class="caption">Robotic process automation for business reporting</p>
</div>

---

# Automating Traditional Business Reports: <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 581 512" style="height:1em;width:1.13em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M581 226.6C581 119.1 450.9 32 290.5 32S0 119.1 0 226.6C0 322.4 103.3 402 239.4 418.1V480h99.1v-61.5c24.3-2.7 47.6-7.4 69.4-13.9L448 480h112l-67.4-113.7c54.5-35.4 88.4-84.9 88.4-139.7zm-466.8 14.5c0-73.5 98.9-133 220.8-133s211.9 40.7 211.9 133c0 50.1-26.5 85-70.3 106.4-2.4-1.6-4.7-2.9-6.4-3.7-10.2-5.2-27.8-10.5-27.8-10.5s86.6-6.4 86.6-92.7-90.6-87.9-90.6-87.9h-199V361c-74.1-21.5-125.2-67.1-125.2-119.9zm225.1 38.3v-55.6c57.8 0 87.8-6.8 87.8 27.3 0 36.5-38.2 28.3-87.8 28.3zm-.9 72.5H365c10.8 0 18.9 11.7 24 19.2-16.1 1.9-33 2.8-50.6 2.9v-22.1z"/></svg>

<center>
<p><a href="https://www.rstudio.com/resources/webinars/rethink-reporting-with-automation/?wvideo=e1sg52li8m"><img src="https://embed-fastly.wistia.com/deliveries/6084656f7b1d2100b69c8ddf67124799.jpg?image_play_button_size=2x&amp;image_crop_resized=960x540&amp;image_play_button=1&amp;image_play_button_color=71a5d4e0" width="800" height="420" style="width: 800px; height: 420px;"></a></p><p><a href="https://www.rstudio.com/resources/webinars/rethink-reporting-with-automation/?wvideo=e1sg52li8m">Rethink Reporting with Automation - RStudio</a></p>
</center>

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**Additional Example:** See how I automate my academic CV published [on my FSB Website](http://www.fsb.miamioh.edu/fsb/directory/vita/megahefm.pdf) based on the code available at [fmegahed/vitae](https://github.com/fmegahed/vitae). 
]

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# Recap

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# Summary of Main Points

- Define a “business report” & its main functions

- Understand the importance of the right KPIs

- Automate traditional business reports

- Dashboards as real-time business reporting tools